Freiburg in the
Breisgau, south Black Forest southern Black Forest
The town Freiburg in the Breisgau The Black Forest metropolis Freiburg in the Breisgau (about 48 km south west from the
781-hors castle hotel Black Forest) is always worth a
visit. The town, which lies on western border of the souther Black Forest, has about
200,000 residents today. In the summer months, life pulsates on the streets and on the
places. There are lots of historical sacral buildings and profane buildings to see during
a ramble. During a round trip through the old town, you should watch where you set your
foot, because in the streets and alleys of the old town there are a lot of rills which
flow through it. They are a trademark of Freiburg in the Breisgau, just like the
felicitous connection of the greens and large city flair. From the castle hill (455 meters
above sea level) you can enjoy beautiful view over the rooves of the town, where the tower
of the Freiburg Munster rises. It's easy to reach on foot in a couple of minutes from the
Schwabentor or from the town garden. Besides, a cable railway also takes you there. The
Hausberg hill (called Schauinsland, about 1284 meters high) of Freiburg in the Breisgau is
also reachable from a cablecar.
History Towards the end of the 11th century, the men of Zahringen built a castle on the castle
hill, where no settlement developed. They had been made to the town in 1120. In the first
half of the 15th century, Freiburg in the Breisgau was also an Imperial town for a
short time. The university, which was built in 1457, counts to one of the oldest in
Germany. During the 30-year-war (1618 to 1648), Freiburg in the Breisgau suffered numerous
sieges, strong destructions and a hard decimation of the population. The hardest
destructions and changes which the town in the south Black Forest experienced were in 1677
after the takings, caused by troops of the sun king Ludwig XIV. Among other things, the
town walls were demolished and the town was surrounded by a fortress ring with eight
bastions, which were also grinded in 1745. After the lordship over Freiburg in the
Breisgau had changed several times between the French and the Habsburg in the 17th and
18th century, the town came to the grand duke of Baden possession in 1805. Today, Freiburg
in the Breisgau is a large town stamped with economical wealth and university town with
over 30,000 students.
Sightseeings The following descriptions of sightseeings of Freiburg in the Breisgau are only an
assortment. Of course there is a lot more to discover.
Freiburg Munster The Freiburg Munster "Unserer Lieben Frau" ("our loving woman") is an
impressive construction. The building of the god's house started at about 1200. The
intersection, the transverse house "wing" (Querhausflugel) and the lower parts
of the so-called choir towers (rooster towers) stem from the first construction phase. In
the second phase the extension construction of the nave (Langhaus) and the erection of the
west tower, which was finished around 1320. From 1354 a reconstruction of the chor tower
began, but was first finished in the early 16th century because of interruptions. The visitor stands impressed in front of the west portal, which is full of figures. In the
tympanum (gable decorated with skulptures and reliefs) the youth history of Jesus, the
Passion and the Last Judgment (Judgement) are one upon the other, and you can see the
display of the parables of the smart and foolish virgins on both sides. In the other
figures, you can recognize the holy three kings, the Annunciation Day, synagogue and
Ecclesia among other. The high rising west tower is crowned from a eight-sided helmet,
whereby a rich tracery displays between the ribs. The Freiburg Munster also displays its full magnificence in the inside. Worth seeing are
the colorful window pictures, the triumphal arch painting with the presentation of the
crowning of Mariens, the choir with the chapel wreath, the elevated altar from the early
16th century and the lectern from the same time. Numerous picture works, among these the
grave memorial of the Zahring duke Berthold V. on the wall of the south side boat with
larger than life figure in knight's suit of armor also deserve attention.
Historical department store Opposite of the Freiburg Munster is the historical department store, first mentioned in
1378. Two trapping corner bays, which are peaked and crowned with crabs, decorated with
brick tower helmets rise above the four arcades which are opened towards the ground floor
to the Munster place. They are the main trademark of the building. Pictures are mounted
between the threepart crossbar windows in the upper floor. They show personalities from
the house Habsburg, Emperor Maximilian I., his son Philipp I. as well as his sons Emperor
Karl V. and archduke Ferdinand I. The coat of arms also remind of the time, as Freiburg in the Breisgau belonged to the
Habsburg Austria. The mighty, two-floored roof area is bordered by the stair gables.
Glorious portals and windows decorate the rear panel of the arcade hall in the ground
floor, which opens in big arches towards the yard. The so-called Emperor hall is
especially pointed out It's dominated with a chimney decorated with a coat of arms and is
in the inner rooms of the historical department store.
Old city hall The old city hall in Freiburg in the Breisgau arised from a combination of several old
houses. In the ground floor, three portrals are opened, whereby the town coat of arms and
the buckler of Austria, held by two lions can be seen. The gable decorates further coat of
arms, like those from Austria and Freiburg in the Breisgau, from lower Austria and upper
Alsace. You can finally recognize the double eagle of the holy roman imperium with the coat of
arms from Hungary and Bohmen above the clock. The gable is crowned from a wrought-iron
bell holder. On the inside, the big entrance hall deserves special attention. The town
sights of Freiburg in the Breisgau attract views from three different epochs.
Friedrich construction (Friedrichsbau)
The Friedrichsbau (Friedrich construction) designed with its style of the new
renaissance facades stands out from its neighbored buildings in the Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse.
It's named after the grand duke Friedrich I. It was supposed to have become its name upon
wish of the first tenant. The Friedrichsbau was built in the beginning of the 20th
century, bigger reconstruction measures were done between 1987 and 1989. In the course of its history, the Friedrichsbau practiced as several functions. It housed
among others a coffee house, stores, movies, a dancing school and so on. After the
rebuilding in the 1980s, there's now a hall in the inside, which can hold up to 350
people, meeting rooms, a bistro and a store.
Gates Martinstor, Schwabentor, Breisach Tor Two gates are still maintained from the first medieval city-wall from Freiburg in the
Breisgau. The oldest of the two is the Martinstor in the Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse from the
early 13th century. The gate tower was greatly increased towards the beginning of the 20th
century. Today it has a height of 60 m (originally 22 m) and a width of 11 meters. The
gate tower is held by a architrave block story with a round arched gate passage. The upper
floor is surrounded by four bay towers with peaked helmets and a tin wreath. Towards the
top it's closed by a steep roof. The second maintained gate of the first medieval city-wall is the Schwabentor. The exact
origin is not know. But it should have been built in about the middle of the 13th century.
In the 16th century it was extended through an attached stair tower, which is decorated
with the coat of arms from Freiburg in the Breisgau and Austria. Just like the Martinstor,
the Schwabentor became extended in the beginning of the 20th century and has the double
height of the original height. Since 1954 it's crowned from a baroque roof pyramid. The Breisach Gate is the only one from the time of the french baroque fortress area, even
though it's strongly changed in the construction. After the explosion of the fortress in
the year 1745, it was used as a representative town entrance. In the second half of the
19th century, it was increased in height by one floor and the "Mittelrisalit"
(middle projection on the wall) is crowned by a triangle gable. In 1903 the east side wing
became victim of the change of the street guidance. After hard destructions in the second
World War, the Breisach Gate was rebuilt in 1950 / 1951 in the form of the late 19th
century. Today it houses different kinds of urban administrative offices.
Kaiserstuhl near Breisach on the Rhine river Upper Rhine
The so-called Kaiserstuhl, a small volcano hill, which has formed the unique
culture landscape, rises between Freiburg in the Breisgau and the Rhine river valley on
the upper Rhine river. The ideal climate (warmest climate in Germany) has the requirement
that about one third of the Baden wines grow her. The most significant vine dresser cellar
in Europe is in Breisach on the Rhine river in the district Breisach-Hochschwarzwald, on
the foot of the Kaiserstuhl. Worth seeing is also the Munster St. Stephan.
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